Chromosomes
are not
visible in the cell’s nucleus—not even under a microscope—when the cell is not
dividing. However, the DNA that makes up chromosomes becomes more tightly
packed during cell division and is then visible under a
microscope. Chromosome is composed of DNA coiled and condensed
around nuclear proteins called histones. Humans inherit one set of chromosomes
from their mother and a second set from their father. In total, most human
cells contain 46 chromosomes with 22 pairs of autosomes, or non-sex
chromosomes, and two sex-determining chromosomes. The sex chromosomes in humans
are called X and Y. Females carry two X chromosomes, while males carry one X
and one Y chromosome. Cells of the body that contain two sets of chromosomes
are called diploid.
Gene: It is a linear sequence /segment
of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of
RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary
character.
Source of info.
1. http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/introduction-what-is-dna-6579978
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/chromosome
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