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Natural Selection

Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift  ( Berkeley )  It is a  process  in  nature  in which  organisms  possessing certain genotypic characteristics that make them better adjusted to an  environment  tend to survive, reproduce, increase in number or  frequency , and therefore, are able to  transmit  and perpetuate their essential genotypic qualities to succeeding  generations . This theory was put forward by Charles Darwin, trying to explain how evolution of species occurs . Look at an example to help make the concept natural selection clearer:  Industrial melanism is a phenomenon that affected over 70 species of moths in England. It has been best studied in the peppered moth,  Biston betularia . Prior to 1800, the typical moth of the species had a light pattern. Dark colored or melanic moths were rare and were therefore c...
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DNA- An Introduction

Deoxyribonucleic acid , more commonly known as  DNA , is a complex molecule that contains all of the information necessary to build and maintain an organism. All living things have DNA within their cells. In fact, nearly every cell in a multicellular organism possesses the full set of DNA required for that organism. However, DNA does more than specify the structure and function of living things — it also serves as the primary unit of heredity in organisms of all types. In other words, whenever organisms reproduce, a portion of their DNA is passed along to their offspring. This transmission of all or part of an organism's DNA helps ensure a certain level of continuity from one generation to the next, while still allowing for slight changes that contribute to the diversity of life. Source of info. 1.       http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/introduction-what-is-dna-6579978 2.       https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/b...
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Sex Chromosomes

It's not quite accurate to say that everyone inherits two copies of every gene. In most mammals, the X and Y sex chromosomes determine whether an individual is male or female. Females have two X chromosomes, and therefore two copies of every gene. Males, however, have one X and one Y chromosome. For genes that appear only on the X chromosome or only on the Y (some do appear on both), males inherit just one copy. Taken from http://www.eschooltoday.com/science/genetics/images/sex-chromosomes.jpg Other living things have sex chromosomes too. Birds and reptiles have Z and W sex chromosomes. Unlike with X and Y, males have two Z chromosomes, and females have one Z and one W. Some insects and a few mammals have only an X chromosome. Females have two copies and males have one. However, sex is not always determined by chromosomes. With alligators, crocodiles, and most turtles, it's egg incubation temperature. And some fish can change gender in response to cues from the en...
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