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DNA- An Introduction

Deoxyribonucleic acid , more commonly known as  DNA , is a complex molecule that contains all of the information necessary to build and maintain an organism. All living things have DNA within their cells. In fact, nearly every cell in a multicellular organism possesses the full set of DNA required for that organism. However, DNA does more than specify the structure and function of living things — it also serves as the primary unit of heredity in organisms of all types. In other words, whenever organisms reproduce, a portion of their DNA is passed along to their offspring. This transmission of all or part of an organism's DNA helps ensure a certain level of continuity from one generation to the next, while still allowing for slight changes that contribute to the diversity of life. Source of info. 1.       http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/introduction-what-is-dna-6579978 2.       https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/b...
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History of Genetics

 Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms. It is concerned with the molecular basis of inheritance and the ways in which genes are passed down from one generation to the next. The history of genetics can be traced back to the ancient Greeks, who were the first to speculate about the nature of heredity. In the 19th century, Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, conducted experiments on pea plants that led to the discovery of the laws of inheritance. His work, which he published in 1866, laid the foundation for modern genetics. Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment described how genes are passed from one generation to the next and how traits are inherited. In the early 20th century, Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues at Columbia University conducted experiments on fruit flies that showed that genes are located on chromosomes. This discovery led to the development of the chromosome theory of inheritance, which states that genes...
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Natural Selection

Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift  ( Berkeley )  It is a  process  in  nature  in which  organisms  possessing certain genotypic characteristics that make them better adjusted to an  environment  tend to survive, reproduce, increase in number or  frequency , and therefore, are able to  transmit  and perpetuate their essential genotypic qualities to succeeding  generations . This theory was put forward by Charles Darwin, trying to explain how evolution of species occurs . Look at an example to help make the concept natural selection clearer:  Industrial melanism is a phenomenon that affected over 70 species of moths in England. It has been best studied in the peppered moth,  Biston betularia . Prior to 1800, the typical moth of the species had a light pattern. Dark colored or melanic moths were rare and were therefore c...
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